GHG Emissions Inventory
The GHG emissions inventory is carried out in accordance with internationally recognized standards such as the GHG Protocol8 and the American Petroleum Institute9,10 (API) methodology for GHG quantification from LNG projects. GHG emissions are categorized within three scopes, as defined by the GHG Protocol8, which are described below:
- Scope 1 emissions: “direct” GHG emissions arising from a project, such as those associated with fossil fuel consumption by vehicles and plant directly owned by the operator;
- Scope 2 emissions: “indirect” GHG emissions from the production of electricity and gas (i.e., offsite generation and usually by third parties) consumed by plant and equipment; and
- Scope 3 emissions: “indirect” emissions due to emission sources that are not owned or operated by the company emissions arising from supporting activities (e.g., work upstream and/or downstream, the activities of sub-contractors and ancillary work).
The most common and reported GHGs are the seven gases as referenced in the Kyoto Protocol, namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitros oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PRCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)11. GHG emissions associated with operations at the BLNG Terminal mainly comprise of CO2, CH4 and N2O; emissions of the other listed GHGs in the Kyoto Protocol are likely to contribute minor amounts to the GHG inventory, and are excluded from consideration in the emissions calculations.
Where practicable, the results from the GHG inventory are expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), which recognizes that different gases have notable different global warming potentials (GWP)12. The GWP values for CO2, CH4 and N2O are obtained from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)13, and are detailed in the table below:
GWP values relative to CO2 (from AR5)
Industrial designation or common name | Chemical formula | GWP values for 100-years time horizon |
---|---|---|
Carbon dioxide | CO2 | 1 |
Methane | CH4 | 28 |
Nitrous oxide | N2O | 265 |
Emissions Sources
Scope | Source |
---|---|
Scope 1 |
|
Scope 2 |
|
Emissions Inventory Summary
Source | Location | Emission Scope |
CO2e Emissions (Tonnes) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |||
Flaring | Regasification Platform | Scope 1 | 25.4 | 0 | 8.7 | 372.8 |
Fuel gas consumption | Regasification Platform | Scope 1 | 295 | - | 1.3 | 0 |
Venting | ORF | Scope 1 | 78.9 | 0 | 17.1 | 0 |
Diesel Consumption | Jetty (offshore) | Scope 1 | - | - | 36.0 | 27.9 |
FSU (offshore) | Scope 1 | 994 | - | - | - | |
Generator (onshore) | Scope 1 | 0.02 | - | 8.6 | 16.2 | |
Equipment trials | Scope 1 | - | 30.7 | - | - | |
Gas Leaks | Subsea Pipeline | Scope 1 | - | 53.6 | 0 | 0 |
Vehicles (facility-owned) | Permissive zone | Scope 1 | - | - | 0.1 | 27.64 |
Refrigerant | N/A | Scope 1 | - | - | 1,170 | - |
Subtotal | Scope 1 | 1,794 | 84.3 | 1,242 | 445 | |
Power Consumption | Terminal | Scope 2 | 20,333 | 12,022 | 4,719 | 6,307 |
Total | Scope 1 and 2 | 22,127 | 12,106 | 5,960 | 6,751 | |
Notes: Items annotated with a '-' represent where no data were provided, and a '0' is where information was available, but no GHG emissions were associated with the source in the corresponding year |