GHG Emissions Inventory

The GHG emissions inventory is carried out in accordance with internationally recognized standards such as the GHG Protocol8 and the American Petroleum Institute9,10 (API) methodology for GHG quantification from LNG projects. GHG emissions are categorized within three scopes, as defined by the GHG Protocol8, which are described below:

  • Scope 1 emissions: “direct” GHG emissions arising from a project, such as those associated with fossil fuel consumption by vehicles and plant directly owned by the operator;
  • Scope 2 emissions: “indirect” GHG emissions from the production of electricity and gas (i.e., offsite generation and usually by third parties) consumed by plant and equipment; and
  • Scope 3 emissions: “indirect” emissions due to emission sources that are not owned or operated by the company emissions arising from supporting activities (e.g., work upstream and/or downstream, the activities of sub-contractors and ancillary work).

The most common and reported GHGs are the seven gases as referenced in the Kyoto Protocol, namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitros oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PRCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)11. GHG emissions associated with operations at the BLNG Terminal mainly comprise of CO2, CH4 and N2O; emissions of the other listed GHGs in the Kyoto Protocol are likely to contribute minor amounts to the GHG inventory, and are excluded from consideration in the emissions calculations.

Where practicable, the results from the GHG inventory are expressed in carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), which recognizes that different gases have notable different global warming potentials (GWP)12. The GWP values for CO2, CH4 and N2O are obtained from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)13, and are detailed in the table below:

GWP values relative to CO2 (from AR5)

Industrial designation or common name Chemical formula GWP values for 100-years time horizon
Carbon dioxide CO2 1
Methane CH4 28
Nitrous oxide N2O 265

Emissions Sources

Scope Source
Scope 1
  • Emissions from flaring
  • Emissions associated with the consumption of diesel or fuel gas associated with plant and equipment
  • Emissions associated with the consumption of fuel by facility-owned vehicles
Scope 2
  • Emissions from the consumption of electricity by the BLNG Terminal

Emissions Inventory Summary

Source Location Emission
Scope		 CO2e Emissions (Tonnes)
2020 2021 2022 2023
Flaring Regasification Platform Scope 1 25.4 0 8.7 372.8
Fuel gas consumption Regasification Platform Scope 1 295 - 1.3 0
Venting ORF Scope 1 78.9 0 17.1 0
Diesel Consumption Jetty (offshore) Scope 1 - - 36.0 27.9
FSU (offshore) Scope 1 994 - - -
Generator (onshore) Scope 1 0.02 - 8.6 16.2
Equipment trials Scope 1 - 30.7 - -
Gas Leaks Subsea Pipeline Scope 1 - 53.6 0 0
Vehicles (facility-owned) Permissive zone Scope 1 - - 0.1 27.64
Refrigerant N/A Scope 1 - - 1,170 -
Subtotal Scope 1 1,794 84.3 1,242 445
Power Consumption Terminal Scope 2 20,333 12,022 4,719 6,307
Total Scope 1 and 2 22,127 12,106 5,960 6,751
Notes: Items annotated with a '-' represent where no data were provided, and a '0' is where information was available, but no GHG emissions were associated with the source in the corresponding year